What is Estrogen?
Estrogen is one of the primary female sex hormones, alongside progesterone. It is produced mainly in the ovaries but can also be produced or converted into different forms of estrogen in other body parts such as the fat tissue, adrenal glands, liver, and breasts [1].
Estrogen is essential for the development, regulation, and maintenance of the female reproductive system and sex characteristics. It also controls how fat is distributed in the female body and is crucial for female bone and joint health [2, 3].
Besides its role in female physiology, estrogen also has functions in males. In men, the adrenal glands and testes produce estradiol, a form of estrogen. Although estradiol levels are lower in males than in females, it has been shown to prevent the destruction of sperm cells in vitro and perform various other functions[3].
Uses and benefits of Estrogen
One of the primary uses of estrogen is to relieve menopausal symptoms. As estrogen levels fall during menopause, symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, chills, difficulty sleeping, and excessive sweating can occur. Estrogen-containing medication can help relieve these symptoms [4].
Estrogen also protects against osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more prone to fractures. It can help decrease bone loss after menopause [4]. Moreover, estrogen therapy has been associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Current estrogen and hormone replacement therapy users have a 34% reduction in the risk of colorectal cancer and a 20% to 60% reduction in the risk of Alzheimer's disease [5].
Furthermore, estrogen has been found to protect against obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown the beneficial effects of estradiol, the most active estrogen, in these areas [6]. An epidemiologic review of the literature demonstrates an approximately 50% reduction in cardiovascular risk in women using estrogen [7].
However, it's important to note that while estrogen therapy has numerous benefits, it also carries potential risks, such as an increased risk of certain cancers and blood clots. Therefore, it's crucial to discuss these risks and benefits with a healthcare professional before starting estrogen therapy [4].
Does Estrogen make you hornier?
The relationship between estrogen and sexual desire is complex and not entirely straightforward. Estrogen, along with other hormones like progesterone and testosterone, plays a role in female sexual desire and functioning [8]. However, estrogen's effect on sexual desire may not be as significant as one might think.
In conclusion, while estrogen does play a role in sexual functioning, it does not necessarily increase sexual desire or make you "hornier." Other factors, including other hormones like androgens, also play significant roles in sexual desire and functioning.
Side effects of Estrogen
Estrogen can cause a range of side effects. Some side effects are mild and may go away over time, while others can be severe and require immediate medical attention.
Common side effects:
Side effects that occur commonly include:
- breast pain or tenderness,
- upset stomach,
- vomiting,
- weight gain or loss,
- and dizziness.
Patients may also experience nervousness, depression, irritability, changes in sexual desire, and hair loss. Unwanted hair growth, spotty skin darkening on the face, difficulty wearing contact lenses, and leg cramps are also reported [9].
Severe side effects:
Rare but severe side effects include:
- bulging eyes,
- pain,
- swelling,
- tenderness in the stomach,
- loss of appetite,
- weakness,
- yellowing of the skin or eyes.
Joint pain, movements that are difficult to control, rash or blisters, hives, itching, and swelling of the eyes, face, tongue, throat, hands, arms, feet, ankles, or lower legs are also severe side effects that require immediate medical attention [9].
Estrogen may increase the risk of developing cancer of the ovaries or gallbladder disease that may need to be treated with surgery. It may also cause growth to slow or stop early in children who receive large doses for a long time and may affect the timing and speed of sexual development in children [9].
In some cases, estrogen can cause severe hypertriglyceridemia associated with acute pancreatitis, especially in patients with some preexisting and usually mild increases in triglycerides [10].
If you start experiencing any of these side effects, it's best to consult your healthcare provider immediately.