What is Prednisolone?
Prednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid, a class of steroid hormones known for their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. It treats many inflammatory and autoimmune conditions where the body's immune system attacks its tissues. Prednisolone works by reducing the activity of the immune system, thereby decreasing the production of chemicals that usually cause inflammation [1].
Prednisolone is used in various forms and for different purposes. For instance, it is used in eye drops to treat inflammation and similar eye conditions [2]. It is also used as prednicarbate, a non-halogenated derivative of prednisolone, for the local treatment of corticoid-sensitive skin diseases [3].
Uses of Prednisolone
Apart from treating autoimmune conditions, one of the primary uses of prednisolone is in treating various forms of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and gout. It also manages severe allergies, including hay fever and allergic skin reactions [1].
Prednisolone is effective in treating skin diseases such as psoriasis and severe eczema. It is also used for eye conditions like keratitis, uveitis, and optic neuritis. Inflammatory bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, can also be managed with prednisolone [1].
In addition to these, prednisolone is used to treat flare-ups of multiple sclerosis, lupus, polymyositis, and sarcoidosis. Certain blood disorders, such as hemolytic anaemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, can also be treated with this medication [1].
Prednisolone is also used in the treatment of certain cancers, such as leukaemia and lymphomas. It is sometimes used to treat hormone problems, such as adrenal insufficiency, where the adrenal glands don't produce enough natural steroid hormones [1].
In the field of sports, prednisolone is used for the treatment of nasal congestion and allergic rhinitis. However, its systemic use is restricted due to its inflammatory-suppressing solid effects [4].
Side effects of Prednisolone
Prednisolone, a type of corticosteroid medication, can cause a variety of side effects. These effects can range from mild to severe and may occur immediately or develop over time.
Common Side Effects of
Common side effects of prednisolone include:
- headache,
- nausea,
- changes in mood,
- difficulty sleeping,
- thinning skin,
- slowed healing of cuts and bruises,
- acne,
- thinning hair,
- increased appetite,
- changes in fat distribution,
- and increased sweating.
Some people may also experience irregular or absent menstrual periods [5]. Other common side effects include weight gain, digestive problems, or restlessness[6].
Severe Side Effects
Severe side effects of prednisolone can include:
- sore throat,
- fever,
- chills,
- cough,
- seizures,
- muscle weakness,
- vision problems,
- depression,
- loss of contact with reality,
- sudden weight gain,
- stomach swelling,
- difficulty breathing or swallowing,
- rash, hives, and itching [5].
In rare cases, prednisolone can cause severe allergic reactions [6].
Long-term Side Effects
Long-term use of prednisolone can lead to more severe side effects such as:
- osteoporosis, eye changes like glaucoma or cataracts,
- and a negative impact on growth or development in children [7].
Some patients who took prednisolone or similar medications developed a type of cancer called Kaposi's sarcoma [5].
Side Effects in Children
Prednisolone may slow growth and development in children. Therefore, the parents should carefully monitor their child's growth while taking this medication [5].
Side Effects in Specific Populations
In a study of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis, steroid-related side effects occurred in at least one-third of patients. Side effects were significantly related to an initial prednisolone dose of more than 30 mg and the cumulative prednisolone dose [8].
Please note that this is not a complete list of side effects. If you experience any unusual symptoms while taking prednisolone, it is essential to contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Can Prednisolone cause a yeast infection?
Prednisolone, has been linked to an increased risk of yeast infections. Corticosteroids can disrupt the body's natural balance of microorganisms, potentially leading to an overgrowth of yeast, such as Candida, a common cause of yeast infections.
However, it's important to note that while corticosteroids like prednisolone can increase the risk of yeast infections, they do not directly cause them. Other factors, such as hormonal imbalances, can also contribute to the development of yeast infections [9].
If you're using prednisolone and suspect you have a yeast infection, it's essential to seek medical advice. Yeast infections are typically treated with antifungal medications, which can be applied topically or taken orally [10, 11].